KENTUCKY-ARGONNE

What are Li-ion Batteries?

Lithium Ion batteries are . . .

. . . more powerful and hold greater energy than other rechargeable batteries. This is great for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) -- as well as other applications.

Issues related to these batteries include . . .

Safety problems, which grow as the cell sizes grow to those needed for vehicles. Scientists are looking at ways to improve their safety by studying the thermal properties of Li-Ion materials, components, and cells to determine the mechanisms that control something called 'thermal runaway.' Thermal runaway occurs when . . .

Cell aging diagnostic studies, along with electrochemical modeling, establish the mechanisms that control power fade and capacity loss in Li-Ion cell chemistries. These tests have led to more stable mixed-metal oxide cathode materials, surface coatings, and electrolyte additives that stabilize the electrochemically active interfaces to improve life. In addition, diagnostic and modeling studies on Li-Ion cells examine the causes of poor low-temperature performance.

Cost as a function of cell materials and production rate. Studies are underway to look at cost reductions associated with new cell materials, and the impact of using the more stable and lower-cost cell materials that are being developed.